Micro, Macro, Radiation, and Radio Frequencies

Micro, Macro, Radiation, and Radio Frequencies

Before I can define and teach what a micro or a macro frequency is, first I need to explain how they work and how radiation works with them. Radio frequencies will follow this as they would need an energy source to radiate their frequencies.

The Complex Mathematical Method of Understanding

When thinking of how these work, the most common and easiest way to define and identify them is to call the frequency a wave. In common practice using an oscilloscope, we can view them as SINE, COSINE, and TANGENT waves; however, using an oscilloscope, we take what is a 3-dimensional wave frequency and translate it to a 2-dimensional surface (as a video screen) to more easily identify how it functions.

SINE and COSINE waves are more simplistic to use when creating wavelengths as they will create peaks, troughs, and center, meaning the wavelength will go down to a peak as a high, a low, and a middle within the same plane of axis. These functions are bounded and periodic, as such, they repeat every 2π radians, making them suitable for waveforms in circuits and electromagnetic (EM) propagation. As such, this repetition allows sine/cosine to represent stable oscillating fields in electromagnetic (EM) waves.

A tangent however, exists more as a function. While that function is useful in terms of trigonometry itself, it isn't entirely applicable to how the wave function works as it does not exist as a continuation band itself and instead exists as periodic (period π) but unbounded and discontinuous. Making it unsuitable in a standard circuit that requires a bounded form of repetition.

As a brief explanation to how this works, a computing device stores and transfers information using transistor circuits, which process data in binary form: a '1' as a high voltage peak (e.g., +5V), a '0' as a low voltage peak (near 0V or ground), or—in cases of no transmission—an absence of signal altogether, such as when there's no power, zero voltage, and the circuit is effectively 'dead' (no data being sent). This 'nothing at all' state differs from an active '0,' as it implies the system isn't energized for that portion of the transmission.

As a means of transferring information using these frequency bands, we create a digital or analogue system that communicates in a similar method as Morse code, co-developed by Samuel F. B. Morse in the 1830s, with the code using dots/dashes for transmission. Higher frequencies (micro) are able to transfer more data within a single given modulation for more bits/sec, while lower frequency band frequencies (macro) create simple schemes for reliability over speed. For example, micro bands use advanced Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for dense data; while macro bands rely on simpler amplitude modulation (AM) or frequency modulation (FM) for robust signals.

When the frequency wavelength of these waves expand, they become what is generally known as larger frequency bands, where the wavelength elongates, increasing the distance it travels at the expense of speed and information sent within a single given time interval. All EM waves travel at the constant speed of light in vacuum (c ≈ 3×10^8 m/s), but longer wavelengths (macro, low f) complete fewer cycles per second, improving diffraction for better distance and penetration.

To better explain how this works, a lower band frequency in contrast would hold more resilience to what would hinder its transmission, such as penetrating through a plank of wood, while a higher frequency may lose small parts of its data while passing through the same plank of wood.

To translate this on a mathematical level, a sine wave, y = A sin(2πft), a cosine in contrast would be cosine wave, y = A cos(2πft) where f is frequency (cycles/second). This scales mathematically as micro (high f, short λ) vs. macro (low f, long λ). Micro frequencies (high f >1 GHz, short λ <30 cm) enable fast data but poor penetration; macro (low f <1 MHz, long λ >300 m) favor distance and resilience.

Alternatively, consider another equation example for these same electromagnetic (EM) waves: Maxwell's equations lead to EM wave propagation at c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀), where μ₀ is vacuum permeability and ε₀ is vacuum permittivity, matching the speed of light in vacuum.

As these bands would pass through that same plank of wood though, it would create dielectric heating through the polar molecules (dipoles) that make up the material structure of that plank of wood.

Wood in this case, sits in a more static alignment that fluctuates less than a liquid; however, as these bands excite the polar molecular structure (dipoles) while passing through, it causes them to rotate in the oscillating field, causing friction. To further quantify what this means, macro waves diffract better due to long λ, penetrating obstacles; micro attenuate rapidly, dispersing energy quicker.

With more solid matter, this would cause a rapid increase of heat itself within the affected material, in which case, the energy within it wouldn't be able to transfer across the molecular dipoles in the same means as it would a liquid, but that energy would still need to disperse; so, instead of transferring it across the alignment of many molecules, it would instead vibrate as it tries to disperse the energy itself, causing it to heat within the affected area.

Now, How Would This Work in Terms of Radiation Frequencies Such as What Expands Off of Uranium, or Even That Which Expands from Radio Frequencies?

First, I will cover uranium as it is a radioactive element that generates energy itself, while the radiation it exerts would be the extra energy it would generate that the material structure which holds it is beyond what it is capable of containing itself. Unlike radio waves needing power, uranium's decay is self-sustaining nuclear process meaning it is a natural occurrence that exists with the atomic makeup of the material itself.

The material makeup of this material as it would release that energy, oscillates the field around it, causing the molecular makeup of what is within its range to excite and rapidly try to shift within its own structures, breaking apart the material alignment that would bind itself together.

Make sense? Now let's do radio frequencies. A radio frequency uses a material composition that is able to allow the transference of energy by using a means of magnetism.

A radio tower for example, would use an energy source that exists as a circuit to send electricity through an aluminum tower, where an alternating current (AC) circuit oscillates electrons in the aluminum antenna, propagating oscillating electromagnetic (EM) waves—unlike direct current (DC). Akin to lightning's charge separation (positive cloud top, negative base) creating plasma for electron flow, but controlled.

That radio tower would then create oscillating electrons that generate electromagnetic (EM) fields, like lightning's electron flow in plasma, but controlled. As such, this exists similar to how lightning would assemble itself when charge separation in clouds (ice/water collisions create positive at top, negative at base) leads to ionized plasma channels for stepped leader and electron discharge, but on a much smaller and far more controlled scale.